Various organisms can grow on solid media.
BAM Chapter 14: Bacillus cereus | FDA There are various types of bacteria and each type produces differently looking colonies. Two of the species used as probiotics are B. licheniformis and B. subtilis.
Bacillus Subtilis - The Definitive Guide | Biology Dictionary A significant difference in pressure across the cytoplasmic membrane pushes the cell wall into a specific shape. Bacillus Subtilis: Morphology, Functions and Role in Disease Management. FIG. What is a colony? It may have a putative impact on protease production and serve as target for strain improvement.[4]. It can even go as far as causing abortions in pregnancies and impair sperm motility.
Colony morphology of B. licheniformis isolates. NP isolate from PL 45. By observing the colony of bacteria, the identity of bacteria will be determined. Microbiol. B. licheniformis exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterium was subcultured by cutting a chunk of the agar containing the organism and placing it in the middle of a TSA plate then incubating for 1 week at 37 C. The pathogenesis of Bacillus licheniformis, based on experimental studies, suggests there is localization in the placentomes after bacteremia. This fungicide can be used on lawns, conifers, tree seedlings, ornamental turf and ornamental plants in outdoor, greenhouse, and nursery sites. Note the rough texture of colonies characteristic of this organism. Bacillus licheniformis was isolated from soil of different house gardens. Close-up view of the edges of an unknown bacterium on trypticase soy agar (TSA) exhibiting spreading and rhizoid growth. Note the lemon-yellow colonies characteristic of this organism. Information on morphological and physiological properties Morphology [Ref. . In the laboratory, naturally-occurring B. subtilis enzymes were able to normalize pH, reduce COD by over 87%, lower TSS by over 90%, and remove nearly 50% of chloride. Streptococcus salivarius cultivated onMitis-salivarius agar. FIG. The American Society for Microbiology
Wastewater must have its pH normalized, have lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, and be free of excess chloride. Another use of B. subtilis is in wastewater treatment. Feather degrading bacteria may have played an important role in the evolution of molting, and patterns in feather coloration (Gloger's Rule). Addition of this enzyme to toothpastes, mouthwash, etc. Feathers are a major by-product of the poultry processing industry that are particularly difficult to degrade. Endospore formation is actually desired and serves as a great example of prokaryotic development and differentiation. Image 11: A colony of yeast on the agar plate. Optimal growth temperature is 20-37 C. 2011; 1(3): 120-126. 16. Cross-links between peptide chains create a crystal-lattice like structure [6]. 12.
Bacillus licheniformis - AdvancedAg Genome Biol. As Bacillus subtilis biofilms in worm intestines seem to lengthen the worms lifespan, many human users hope for the same effect. Image 10: Growth of bacteria colony in nutrient broth. 2. could help reduce the prevalence of dental caries. Color is whitish and may become brown. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 2: Staphylococcus aureus morphology (Enlarged view). This reaction also occurs in Gram-negative bacteria; however, the significantly lower levels of peptidoglycan mean that cell samples do not remain purple when a pink counter-stain (safranin) is added. Iron-oxidizing Thiomonas-like bacteria isolated from mine waters. (1973) The genus Bacillus . The strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis GL174 and its endophytic attitude was validated by plating surface-sterilized inoculated cuttings. FIG. Bacillus cereus is an aerobic spore-forming bacterium that is commonly found in soil, on vegetables, and in many raw and processed foods. The organism secretes a keratinase which is capable of complete degradation of a feather within 24 hours, as feathers are made up of 90% keratin.
Processes | Free Full-Text | Phenol Degradation Performance in Batch 11. It can cause ophthalmitis, which is the inflammation of the eye. 42.
Colony Morphology Flashcards | Chegg.com (4) Salkinoja-Salonen S., Vuorio R., Andersson M.A., Kmpfer P., Andersson M.C., Honkanen-Buzalski T., and Scoging A.C. (6) Veith, B., Herzberg, C., Steckel, S., Feesche, J., Maurer, K. H., Ehrenreich, P., Bumer, S., Henne, A., Liesegang, H., Merkl, R., Ehrenreich, A., Gottschalk, G. (2004). Food borne outbreaks usually involve cases of cooked meats and vegetables, raw milk, and industrially produced baby food contaminated with B. licheniformis. : #22892] Cell shape: rod-shaped [Ref. Biologydictionary.net Editors. Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. It is found on bird feathers, especially chest and back plumage, and most often in ground-dwelling birds (like sparrows) and aquatic species (like ducks ).
Combination of genetic tools to discern Bacillus species isolated from Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Producing (Bobbi Pritt, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN), Figure 10: Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology (Enlarged view). in LB agar after 24 h of isolation and incubation was large, round, creamy white, with a rough colony surface (Fig. The complete nucleotide sequence of Bacillus licheniformis consists of the ATCC 14580 genome, which has a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 bp (base pairs) which contains 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes (average size of 873 bp), 7 rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. Image 13: A colony morphology of bacteria on MacConkey agar. FIG. The protease has an optimum pH at around 9 and 10, which is desirable since it can remove protein-comprised dirt in clothes. Circular form, entire margin. FIG. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 13: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Bacillus megaterium produce a polypeptide capsule - diversity of metabolic types and nutritional requirements (psychrophiles, mesophiles - majority, and thermophiles; as well as alkalophilic, neutrophilic, and acidophilic) - grow well on blood agar medium, frequently are b-haemolytic - some species are producers of antibiotics Endospores
PDF Isolation and characterization of different strains of Bacillus This is the first report of an Alternaria toxin-degrading . 2006 Nov;188(21):7500-11. [6] Colonies tend to be cream-colored, but will turn red in the presence of iron in media, most likely as a result of pulcherrimin. (7) Wecke T, Veith B, Ehrenreich A, Mascher T. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=13082, http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/tech_docs/brad_006492.pdf, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bacillus_licheniformis&oldid=61404. (6) It tends to form spores in soil which makes it desirable to be used for the industrial purposes such as the production of enzymes, antibiotics, and small metabolites. Ecological research is also being done looking at the interaction between plumage colors and B. licheniformis activity, and the consequences thereof. The bacterium grew to a fractal colony through the diffusion-limited aggregation process, a round colony reminiscent of the Eden model, a colony with a straight and densely branched structure similar to the dense branching morphology, a colony spreading without any openings, and a colony with concentric rings, on plates with various agar and Rope spores is what causes the spoilage; unfortunately these spores do not get killed during the baking process. SC-1. Irregular form. "Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species."
PDF INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF NISIN AND POTASSIUM SORBATE ON - ResearchGate Plasmid For Bacillus Expressing Fluorescent Reporter Genes (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 3: Streptomyces albus morphology (Enlarged view). Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. of biosurfactants . Bacillus subtilis, hay bacillus, or grass bacillus was one of the first Gram-positive bacteria to be studied. (Tasha L. Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 49: Bacillus cereus colonial morphology. Colonies are both round and irregular in shape, with irregular (undulate, fimbriate) margins. Weakly irregular form. Research in Microbiology 163, 3-13. Your email address will not be published. B. licheniformis, although usually associated with the gut and gastrointestinal tract, can also cause distress in other parts of the body. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The, Hoyles L., Honda H., Logan N.A., Halket G., La Ragione R., McCartney A.L., 2012. B. licheniformis and L. bulgaricus, increased the ileal digestibility of amino acids, protein, and starch and the total tract digestibility of DM and OM. Results of studies show that the ohmic heating has a quicker death kinetic rate, meaning shorter and less aggressive treatments can be used to kill off B. licheniformis. Notice that the agar is depressed or pitted by the growth of the bacteria. A. and Vicente A. Dairy products are at increased risk of being contaminated with toxin-producing isolates of B. licheniformis. Kurthia sp.
Microorganisms | Free Full-Text | Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus 47. Colony morphology of an organism is necessary for its identification.
Bacillus Licheniformis Probiotic Review, Benefits and Dosages The initial sample was obtained from a swab taken from the bottom of a shoe and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. FIG. Catalase-positive. FIG. With antibiotic resistance on the increase, new therapies for bacterial infections are receiving a lot of attention. By studying the effect of two antimicrobial agents on the vegetative cells and spores of . Bacillus (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Bacillota, with 266 named species.The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural Bacilli is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs. 2004;5(10):R77. Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium commonly found in the soil. [19][20] B. licheniformis has been found to be the causative agent of ventriculitis, ophthalmitis, bacteremia, peritonitis, and endocarditis. It produces a variety of extracellular enzymes that are associated with the cycling of nutrients in nature. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultivated on trypticase soy agar. (5), Bacillus licheniformis is a spore-forming soil organism that contributes to nutrient cycling and has antifungal activity. Can grow on MacConkey agar and Simmons' citrate agar. Streak plate isolation of a mixed broth culture showing colonial morphology of Escherichia coli (white colonies) and Micrococcus luteus (yellow colonies). Biologydictionary.net Editors. Privacy Policy sets forth the information we collect about you, how we use
Most do not grow well on enteric agars. Circular form. Pulvinate elevation. B. subtilis uses encompass research and partially-proven inclusion in dietary supplements. 40. Bacillus is one of the large genera of bacterial strains. White hyphal growth can be seen throughout the colony with a slight pink coloration in the center. Researchers culture and isolate this protease to add it into detergents. Bacteriocins can withstand broad fluctuations in temperature and slow the growth of or even destroy colonies of other types of bacteria. 4959. [6][9] B. licheniformis is found in a wide variety of environments, but especially in soil and in the feathers of birds, where B. licheniformis degrades -keratin. (9). Irregular form, undulate margin. "Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species." (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 37: Streptomyces albus morphology (Enlarged view). Four case reports]", "Recurrent sepsis due to Bacillus licheniformis", "Bacillus licheniformis Bacteremia: Five Cases Associated with Indwelling Central Venous Catheters", "Genotyping of dairy Bacillus licheniformis isolates by high resolution melt analysis of multiple variable number tandem repeat loci", "Genetic diversity and involvement in bread spoilage of Bacillus strains isolated from flour and ropy bread", Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a Feather Degrading Bacteria, Williams et al., 1990, Bacterial Degradation of Black and White Feathers, Goldstein et al., 2003, Complete genome of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580 - publication, Microbial nanotechnologists, August 1, 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bacillus_licheniformis&oldid=1117931781, Articles needing additional references from January 2012, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 October 2022, at 09:04. Five distinct stages of cell and colony morphology were observed from the visible colony edge to the center of the plate.
Bacillus - Wikipedia 1 IntroductionBacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming, saprophytic organism that occurs in plant and soil (Veith et al., 2004). A green discoloration on blood agar may appear. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 46: Streak plate isolation of Mycobacterium smegmatis on trypticase soy agar. As a group, this bacteria is observed as jagged branches of opaque white or pale yellow fuzz. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 12: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). ", Biologydictionary.net Editors.
The inhibitory effect of Ukrainian honey on probiotic bacteria The toxins produced by B. licheniformis can cause damage to cell membranes, deplete cellular ATP, and cause the acrosome to swell; it is not found to have any damaging effects on the mitochondria. Septicaemia is blood poisoning, and is classified as having a large amount of bacteria in the blood. It is found primarily in soil and on birds that spend a majority of their time near the soil. Researchers are trying to recycle bird feathers by turning them into nutritious food for livestock. They are often beta-hemolytic. Serratia marcescens cultivated on trypticase soy agar. FIG. (Tasha Sturm and Marina Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 52: Unknown Fungal Isolate on Trypticase Soy Agar Exhibiting Small Round Colonies. Isolation of Low-Molecular-Weight Fragments from the Soluble Mucopeptide. Biochemical Journal 106.1 1968. Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Ecologists are studying the effects of B. licheniformis on bird feathers. But, although similar to B. subtilis, they differ in the amount and location of prophages, transposable elements, extracellular enzymes, and secondary metabolic pathway operons. Sibakov M: Eur J Biochem: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09527.x: 1986 * Phylogeny: Isolation and the 5'-end nucleotide sequence of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene. It fortunately does not have any detrimental effects on endangered species. (6) Veith, B., Herzberg, C., Steckel, S., Feesche, J., Maurer, K. H., Ehrenreich, P., Bumer, S., Henne, A., Liesegang, H., Merkl, R., Ehrenreich, A., Gottschalk, G. (2004) The complete genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis DSM13, an organism with great industrial potential. Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram positive spore-forming bacterial species of high biotechnological interest with numerous present and potential uses, including the production of bioactive compounds that are applied in a wide range of fields, such as aquaculture, agriculture, food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries. These strains can grow in media with 5-40% NaCl concentrations. (Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 58: An unknown airborne environmental isolate on Mueller-Hinton agar.
Full article: Biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial 33. Birds that tend to stay on the ground more than the air (i.e. Circular form, entire margin. The optimal temperature for enzyme secretion is 37C. [21][22][23][24] B. licheniformis is also known to contaminate food, especially dairy,[25] as well as causing "ropiness" in bread. Bacillus licheniformis is a nonpathogenic soil organism. Gordon R.E., Haynes W.C., Pang C.H. Note the rough and dry texture characteristic of this organism's growth. confidence and trust with respect to the information we collect from you on
[13], B. licheniformis also shows possible applications in bioremediation, biomineralization, and biofuels as more examples.[13]. FIG. Image 8:The image shows the arrangement of cells, specifically coccus/cocci. B. licheniformis can also give more information about the evolution of molting and patterns of color in birds due to its feather degrading capability.
Bacillus sp. ZBP10 SUU ile DERN KLTR FERMANTASYONUNDA AMLAZ FIG. The Molecular Biology of the Bacilli. 52. A fluorescence reporter plasmid system for enabling a Bacillus strain to fluoresce, wherein the Bacillus strain fluoresces in its dormant endospore state and/or in its metabolically active vegetative state, and wherein the plasmid system is designed to function extra-chromosomally. FIG. 28. B. licheniformis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, endospore-forming organism, which forms colonies of a moderate (2-4 mm) diameter, exceptionally variable in their appearance and often. [5][6] It was initially named Clostridium licheniforme by H. Weigmann[7] and renamed Bacillus licheniformis by Frederick D. (4, 6, 7, and 8). B. licheniformis lives in the barbules, or terminal branches of the barbs of a bird feather.
Bacillus subtilis- An Overview and Applications - Microbe Notes Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. FIG. It is a rod shaped, endospore bearing bacteria and belong to the family Firmicutes. 2006 May. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 18: Kurthia morphology (Enlarged view). Sibakov M, Palva I: Eur J Biochem: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08594.x: 1984 * Metabolism This
Bacillus mycoides . The ability to turn waste feathers into feed would reduce feed costs and decrease the need for pollutants currently used to degrade these feathers [3]. Epub 2004 Sep 13. 36. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 42: Serratia marcescens morphology (Enlarged view).
Identification and characterization of clinical Bacillus spp. isolates Microorganism Bacillus licheniformis - microbewiki (Remco Kort, TNO, Netherlands), Figure 28: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). 54. Bacillus anthracis Sterne 1043 cultivated on Columbia agar. Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial . [8] B. licheniformis displays a variety of colony morphologies, with the rough "licheniform" colonies giving the organism its name. Image 6: The image shows the consistency and texture of bacteria. Circular form, entire margin. B. pumilus contains one circular chromosome Each chromosomes having 4000 genes and 3600-3900 proteins .
Description of the Genus - Bacillus - Hardy Diagnostics 1. This sample was obtained from a floor swab and incubated at 37C. Find out more here. Colony morphology of an organism is necessary for its identification. A. and Vicente A. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 20: Bacillus thuringiensis morphology (Enlarged view). 6. The main objective of this study is to observe the phenol degradation performance by free and immobilized Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) in batch and continuous reactors, respectively. B. licheniformis is a motile organism capable of fermenting sugars (lactose, glucose, mannitol) and excreting useful extracellular enzymes including but not limited to: catalase, casease, urease, deaminase, protease, and lipase. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 39: Lactobacillus plantarum morphology (Enlarged view). Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. FIG. Like all members of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is a rod-shaped bacterium that typically forms small clumps, short chains, or single cells. . 10-day culture of Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. Irregular form, lobate margin. In the identification of bacteria and fungi much weight is placed on how the organism grows in or on media. B. licheniformis is used to make the antibiotic Bacitracin. 23. They include the following: Image 11: A colony of yeast on the agar plate. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/bacillus-subtilis/. Sinorhizobium meliloti cultivated on trypticase soy agar. [12] Amylases are also synthesized by B. licheniformis and used for industrial purposes. B. licheniformis is a Gram positive, spore-forming, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. Serratia marcescens cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Washington, DC 20036, 2023. 10 cards. (Volker Briken, University of Maryland, College Park, MD), Figure 34: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Part of colony demonstrating irregular form, lobate margin. FIG. FIG. this information and the choices you have about how we use such information. Scientists are currently exploring its ability to degrade feathers for agricultural purposes. Bacillus globigii at 22. (Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 56: Close-up View of the Edges of an Unknown Bacterium on Trypticase Soy Agar. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. Food poisoning can cause cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and fatalities by B. licheniformis toxins, though rare, have been reported.
ABIS Encyclopedia Hughes, R. C. The Cell Wall of Bacillus Licheniformis N.C.T.C. Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them.
Frontiers | Genomic Analysis of Bacillus licheniformis CBA7126 Isolated PDF Identification Of Bacillus Species - Webmail.gestudy.byu.edu Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium that is commonly found in soil and bird feathers. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 24: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). The rod shape also helps bacteria glide or move through watery environments and provides regular building block shapes that make biofilm formation easier. This bacterium can survive harsh environments by turning into spore-form; when conditions are good, it will turn back into a vegetative state. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 41: Kurthia morphology (Enlarged view). FIG. High capacity of secretion of the alkaline serine protease has made B. licheniformis one of the most important bacteria in industrial enzyme production. 41. The colony appears mucoid under the raised rhizoid growth. Circular form, entire margin. Bacillus licheniformis at 22. Bacitracin was primary identified after its activity was tested against some species of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 43. https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Microorganism_Bacillus_licheniformis&oldid=118532, Pages edited by students of Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College. The pigment is opaque white-beige with a mucoid surface over most of the colony. Filamentous margin. The isolated colonies were subcultured and obtained in pure form for further experiments. . "Seaweed could fight tooth decay scientists". Microorganisms such as bacteria grow on solid media in the form of a colony. It is believed that this bacterium is involved in the evolution of molting and patterns of color in birds due to its feather degrading capability. Bacillus Subtilis. 58.An unknown airborne environmental isolate on Mueller-Hinton agar exhibiting a single circular colony growing on the edge of the plate. Specific strains are also used to produce peptide antibiotics like bacitracin and proticin, as well as some specialty chemicals, including citric acid, inosine, inosinic acid, and poly--glutamic acid [1]. Eight strains each of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were analyzed by using pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. W.B. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. Irregular form, undulate margin. Bacterial colonies are groups of cells belonging to a clone grown either on the surface of the gel-type solid or embedded in it to absorb the nutrients from it. The shape, morphology, and elemental distribution of the nanoparticles were analyzed by using field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and elemental mapping with a JEM-2100F (JEOL, Tokyo . (Remco Kort, TNO, Netherlands), Figure 27: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). Curtis, A. Bacillus licheniformis is a common cause. The majority of isolates fell into the Bacillus Bergey's Group A together with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Bacteriocins from B. subtilis include the lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic peptide) called subtilin and an antibiotic called subtilosin. Isolation of an unknown bacterium on trypticase soy agar (TSA) exhibiting spreading and rhizoid growth. It was found in the fetal stomach contents showing it was able to enter the bloodstream of the adult and cross the placenta to a bovine fetus. sparrows)and on the water (i.e. (4).
What is Bacillus licheniformis? - TimesMojo "Seaweed could fight tooth decay scientists". Bacillus subtilis can also degrade polyethylene (plastic polymers). 2004;5(10):R77. (Remco Kort, TNO, Netherlands), Figure 26: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). Irregular form, lobate margin. Weakly umbonate elevation. 7. "Bacillus Subtilis. -Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis , lipase from porcine pancreas, proteinase from Tritirachium album, -chymotrypsin from porcine pancreas . (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 43: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). supplementation on the apparent ileal 4. FIG. 9. (3) Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M.