Jane Anger, "Jane Anger her Protection for Women," 1589: Responds to attacks on women through an old-fashioned recital of man's iniquity and woman's virtues. Understanding different cultures is more than having an appreciation for our differences, but paving the way for a new world where we all stand together. The water, which is somewhat consolidate and approacheth to corruption, is next unto the earth. DADABHOY: That was my introduction to this play. BOGAEV: Is this where you see that Moors are called Barbarians, meaning from Barbary, but also, they start to get the connotation of barbarians, less civilized? Including in the world of Shakespeare studies. First in his heavenly ministers whom, as the church affirmeth, he hath constituted to be in divers degrees, called hierarchies. I had a preconceived notion of what I was going to find. I dont want to essentialize identity, but I think that for white scholars, if youve never had to think about race as a thing that you have to concern yourself with in your life, because you dont think about whiteness as being a raced category, then youre not going to have the tools to be able to even understand that race is in front of you when its just standing there. Why is Culture Important and How Does it Influence People? And to the king is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects. As for the father of a family, they had of old under the law of nature patriam potestatem [ancestral power], which was potestatem vitae et necis [power of life and death] over their children or family. In psychology, an attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors toward a particular object, person, thing, or event. AMPU Guide: Common Cross-cultural Communication Challenges - PBS Behold also the order that God hath put generally in all his creatures, beginning at the most inferior or base, and ascending upward. Marriage in Elizabethan times was considered a necessity by both men and women. Sir Thomas Elyot, "The Defence of Good Women," 1545: A dialogue that cites examples from history and legend to prove woman's constancy and wisdom. For commonly women are the most part of the forenoon painting themselves, and frizzing their hairs, and prying in their glass like Apes, to pranck up themselves in their gawdies, like Poppets, or like the Spider which weaves a fine web to hang the fly.". We think about this population that in the edicts is identified as having come from Spain, but what were they doing in Spain? The Elizabethan society had a very conservative outlook on things. So may the king deal With his subjects. Women in Elizabethan Society | So There's That The Elizabethan era, 1558-1603 - The Elizabethans overview - OCR B Common law vested control of property in the man, though dower, inheritance, and settlements gave many wives in the propertied classes some safeguards. So we know that there was a considerable community of Black people who lived and worked and died in Shakespeares London in the early modern period. They make and unmake their subjects; they have power of raising and casting down, of life and of death; judges over all their subjects, and in all cases, and yet accountable to none but God only. There were two types of poor in Elizabethan England. PDF Attitudes Toward the Elderly: an Intergenerational Examination - Uncg (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Life in Elizabethan England 10: Love and Marriage BOGAEV: Its complicated. It requires understanding all of the kinds of violences that enabled these empires to exist. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The earth, trees, seeds, plants, herbs, corn, grass, and all manner of beasts, keep themselves in their order: all the parts of the whole year, as winter, summer, months, nights, and days, continue in their order: all kinds of fish in the sea, rivers, and waters, with all fountains, springs, yea, the seas themselves, keep their comely curfew and order: and man himself also hath all his parts both within and without, as soul, heart, mind, memory, understanding, reason, speech, with all and singular corporal members of his body, in a profiltable, necessary, and pleasant order: every degree of people in their vocation, calling, and office, hath appointed to them their duty and order: some are in high degree, some inlow, some kings and princes, some inferiors and subjectgs, priests and laymen, masters and servants, fathers and children, husands and wives, rich and poor; and every one hath need of other; so that in all things is to be lauded and praised the goodly order of God, without the which no house, no city, no commonwealth can continue and endure, or last. We are working through this pandemic helping people in need with delivery. whether this influence is linked to different cultural attitudes towards money or the institution al, legal, political and social context specific to each country. I mean, does negro becomes the freighted word or a slur or a conflation of color into race? This hath been some time used within the realm before any open war in sudden insurrections and rebellions, but that not allowed of wise and grave men, who in that their judgment had consideration of the consequence and example, as much as of the present necessity, especially, when by any means the punishment might have been done by order of law. I mean, he could have been drawn and quartered or any of the other nasty, nasty things. Hamlet and the Elizabethan Revenge Ethic in Text and Film Then when we finally see Othello, he is of course so different from what we have been led to believe by Iago. Has data issue: true DADABHOY: So, I think a lot about Othello of course. It is probably true to say that by the early decades of the seventeenth century more scientific information was available than could be digested within the terms in which the world was traditionally conceived; and it is certainly true that the facts of physical geography which were accepted by sailors as useful in practice were very difficult to accommodate within the sophisticated and complex traditions that form the natural background to literature. "The fabric of English society was woven so tightly that it seemed to exclude . And as you say, it takes place in Moroccoand well get back to Othello in a momentbut its really interesting what you have to say about this. Dadabhoy held fellowships at the Folger in 2011 and 2016, and participated in a Folger NEH Summer Institute Shakespeare from the Globe to the Global in 2011. ; . To save content items to your account, The Elizabethan wanted to help the idle poor. During this time, racism was common. The duties of husband and wife were explicitly defined and expected to be followed by both men and women. His privy council be chosen also at the Prince's pleasure out of the nobility or barony, and of the knights and esquires, such and so many as he shall think good, who doth consult daily, or when need is of the weighty matters of the realm, to give therein to their Prince the best advice they can. Roles: Because women were thought to be man's inferior in intellect and virtue, women were held to be subordinate and inferior to their husbands, who were considered to be superior partners in marriage. Deepen your understanding of his works and their cultural influence. 1) How did the city of Venice treat people of different cultures and DADABHOY: Yes. Its in the room with me, not just because of who I am, but because of the play that Ive chosen to teach. BOGAEV: That is so interesting, that Shakespeares audiences would have some kind of familiarity with a population thats so diverse, in terms of Otherness, I guess: non-white. ELIZABETHAN ATTITUDES: AN ANTHOLOGY. DADABHOY: In a lot of traditional scholarship on the play, Venice has very much represented the site of European order and a European city that is besieged by a dangerous enemy that we never see, but that we hear about a lot, especially in Act I. Love's Labour's Lost - Cultural/Historical Influences - Cedar Crest College Different Types of Attitudes of People As Per Psychology - Styles At Life And the fact of the Holy Land, its also a place where you have a lot of encounter with people who are different culturally, linguistically, religiously, but also racially and ethnically. The example, influence, and reality of Jesus have provided a touch point for all Christian traditions. Thanks for listening. That is exactly what is happening in this play. Thank you so much. . One taken out of the word of God, and the two other out of the grounds of policy and philosophy. Eurocentric views that African men are barbaric, illiterate, promiscuous studs (good enough only to be used in servitude as the white man's property) have been perpetuated through time and space. Blackness working in concert with villainy, untrustworthiness, fit for servitude, But also a warning, right? Society and the culture of England was changing. BOGAEV: Right, yes. Different groups may have different cultures. They are able to empathize with people from different cultures. What I learned from reading your work is that Shakespeare was hardly the only playwright to write about non-English characters. When we come to a country with a very different culture, the feeling of insecurity as an expatriate, spouse, or traveling business person is of course much higher than in our native cultural milieu. DADABHOY: Sure. } A lot of romances take place in the Holy Land. But, Im thinking of that famous edict by the queen in 1601, to collect and deport Blackamoors from England. Those are all the kind of competing forces that are playing upon him. And how Shakespeares audiences would have come in contact with darker skinned people and what their impressions might have been? 28 March 2007. At first the aim of the Spanish Armada was to liberate the captive Queen of Scots, but when Mary was executed for conspiring Elizabeth's death in 1587, Philip planned to invade England in the name of his daughter, the Infanta . . I mean, that has, I think, troubled this play so much in terms of where does the Moor fit into this discourse about empire? Her mother, Anne Boleyn had been accused of being a witch ( Anne Boleyn had a sixth . Benefits. Our cultural values influence how we approach living. Im Michael Witmore, the Folgers director. Its a power struggle between three kings in 1578. DADABHOY: But al-Mansur ends up being the king who is the one who negotiates with Elizabeth I. Its his ambassador who we have the famous portrait of, and who Shakespeare might have seen, because they were part of certain royal pageants. So, is that the origins of racial thinking? In some of those you have a, kind of, fixation on color, where some of them are also conversion narratives. DADABHOY: I think it is an unconscious lack of awareness, because I think, you know, for white people like white people can just be people. Transcript. But, you know, and heres the benefit of studying scholars of race like Stuart Hall, for example, who very clearly tells us that race is a discourse, and it is a shifting discourse. ELIZABETHAN BLACKNESS 5-18-21 [00:16:05]DADABHOY: I dont think its the origins of racial thinking, but I think its a very powerful example of how race is already being understood, operating in a shorthand that is legible to audiences. Request Permissions. However, though the society was patriarchal, new ideas and thinking were evolv In war time, and in the field the Prince hath also absolute power, so that his word is a law, he may put to death, or to other bodily punishment, whom he shall think so to deserve, without process of law or form of judgment. Thats proof that race, as we know it, people werent thinking that way back in that time. Also where there is any lack of order, needs must be perpetual conflict. Theyre transformed into other kinds of encounters now when weve traveled a couple of centuries forward. Semblably in birds, beasts, and fishes, some be good for the sustenance of man; some bear things profitable to sundry uses; other be apt to occupation and labor; in divers is strength and fierceness only; in many is both strength and commodity; some other serve for pleasure; none of them hath all these qualities; few have the more part or many, specially beauty, strength . And, I mean, its complicated. And our testaments for goods moveable be not subject to the ceremonies of the civil law, but made with all liberty and freedom. Of lands as ye have understood before, there is difference: for when the owner dieth, his land descendeth only to his eldest son, all the rest both sons and daughters have nothing by the common law, but must serve their eldest brother if they will, or make what other shift they can to live: except that the father in life time do make some conveyance and estates of part of his land to their use, or else by devise, which word amongst our lawyers doth betoken a testament written, sealed, and delivered in the life time of the testator before witness: for without those ceremonies a bequest of lands is not available. ; 11 Strikingly enough, the study of popular Shakespeare in live performances has been relatively unexplored. BOGAEV: Okay, so we take that understanding of geography or the geopolitics and apply it to the themes in Othello. Cultural Differences in Perception and Attitude towards Robots Now a father may dispose of his inheritance to his children at his pleasure: yea, even disinherit the eldest upon just occasions, and prefer the youngest, according to his liking; make them beggars or rich at his pleasure; restrain, or banish out of his presence, as he finds them give cause of offence, or restore them in favor again with the penitent sinner. Theres this moment where at the end of the play where the new king says that Muly Hamet should be skinned and his skin should be displayed as a warning to those who might follow, right? One is the pretender to the throne and one is the legitimate king. The people of England believed themselves to be far superior and treated others with indignity and pity. The air, which next to the fire, is most pure in substance, is in the second sphere or place. To save content items to your account, In the upper classes, marriage was seen as a means of gaining property, friends, and allies; therefore, marriages among wealthy landowners were more likely arranged than those among people from lower classes. BOGAEV: Wow. Not just early modern scholarship but really kind of the scholarship on race done by Black feminist scholars or even post-colonial scholars. From the Shakespeare Unlimited podcast. Where does the actual the race, yeah, the skin color, come in? And in things subject to nature, nothing of himself only may be nourished, but when he hath destroyed that wherewith he doth participate by the order of his creation, he himself of necessity must then perish, whereof ensueth universal dissolution. Only a few, and recent, studies demonstrate the existence of different cultural atti-tudes towards money in a single national context (Medina, In choosing to marry, women sacrificed any legal or constitutional rights as citizens. Aflame with jealousy, Othello snarls at his innocent wife: "I took you for that cunning whore of Venice/That married with Othello" (4.2.91-92). That was specifically directed at people from Spain, right? In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power. Sir Thomas Smith, De Republica Anglorum: The Manner of Government r Policy of the Realm of England, 1583: The testator disposeth in his last will his moveable goods freely as he thinketh meet and convenient without controlment of wife or children. The Spanish Armada Of 1588 : Queen Elizabeth and Philip II So that, you know, the noble Moor Abd al-Malik, hes also called a barbarian and he calls himself a barbarian. Women were not allowed to claim any independence but were considered subservient to their male relatives, whether husbands, brothers, or fathers. I tell them that its okay to come from a certain kind of position, but its also necessary then for us to think about the positions that we cant occupy and the blind spots that we might have. . we find little evidence; and this very absence must be our starting-point. But I think a lot about this play also because I work in the context of the Mediterranean and the context of the Ottoman Empire. BOGAEV: So you know, knowing this, seeing this, writing about this, how does it change how you teach your students? The slave trade had already started, and the Elizabethan period was the heyday of colonial-ism. 467 participants from seven different countries filled in the negative attitude towards robots scale . By what comparison from them to us doth he conclude the brutishness he ascribeth unto them? Sir Thomas Smith, De Republic Anglorum: The Manner of Government or Policy of the Realm of England, 1583: The Prince whom I now call (as I have often before) the Monarch of England, King or Queen, hath absolutely in his power the authority of war and peace, to defy what Prince it shall please him, and to bid him war, and again to reconcile himself and enter into league or truce with him at his pleasure or the advice only of his privy council.